In this case, the proportionality constant, k, equals 8. The equation can also be written using the charge of each ion, expressed in coulombs (C), incorporated in the constant. So the correct order of lattice energy is N aI < N aBr < N aCl < N aF. Lattice energy Charge on ion size of the ion. However, in a period from left to right as the charge on ion increases, lattice energy increases. This value of \( k\) includes the charge of a single electron (1.6022 × 10 −19 C) for each ion. Overall as we go down in a group, ionic radius increases and lattice energy decrease. The energy required to separate the ions in a crystal lattice into individual gaseous ions is known as lattice energy. The proportionality constant k is equal to 2.31 × 10 −28 J Where each ion’s charge is represented by the symbol \( Q\) and the internuclear distance between the particles is represented by (\(r\)). The Born-Haber Cycle is essentially Hess's Law applied to an ionic solid.\( \newcommand \] Hess's Law states that the overall change in energy of a process can be determined by breaking the process down into steps, then adding the changes in energy of each step. This may be positive or negative, depending on the atoms involved and how they interact.
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