Kurita's emoji were brightly colored, albeit with a single color per glyph. Kurita's work is displayed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. The DoCoMo i-Mode set included facial expressions, such as smiley faces, derived from a Japanese visual style commonly found in manga and anime, combined with kaomoji and smiley elements. He also drew inspiration from Chinese characters and street sign pictograms. According to interviews, he took inspiration from Japanese manga where characters are often drawn with symbolic representations called manpu (such as a water drop on a face representing nervousness or confusion), and weather pictograms used to depict the weather conditions at any given time. Due to their influence, Kurita's designs were once claimed to be the first cellular emoji however, Kurita has denied that this is the case. They were intended to help facilitate electronic communication, and to serve as a distinguishing feature from other services. In 1999, Shigetaka Kurita created 176 emoji as part of NTT DoCoMo's i-mode, used on its mobile platform. The J-Phone model experienced low sales, and the emoji set was thus rarely used. It contained the Pile of Poo emoji in particular. Its designs, each measuring 12 by 12 pixels were monochrome, depicting numbers, sports, the time, moon phases and the weather. It is thought to be the first set of its kind. In 1997, J-Phone launched the SkyWalker DP-211SW, which contained a set of 90 emoji. Its welcome screen displayed a digital smiley face, replacing the usual text seen as part of the "welcome message" often seen on other devices at the time. In 1995, the French newspaper Le Monde announced that Alcatel would be launching a new phone, the BC 600. It could be used to send pictographs in rich text messages, but would only load on devices with the Wingdings font installed. Wingdings, a font invented by Charles Bigelow and Kris Holmes, was released by Microsoft in 1990. Wingdings icons, including smiling and frowning faces Scott Fahlman's emoticons importantly used common alphabet symbols, and aimed to replace language/text to express emotion, and for that reason are seen as the actual origin of emoticons. The PLATO system was not considered mainstream, and therefore Parello's pictograms were only used by a small number of people. Mary Kalantzis and Bill Cope point out that similar symbology was incorporated by Bruce Parello, a student at the University of Illinois, into PLATO IV, the first e-learning system, in 1972. Theories about language replacement can be traced back to the 1960s, when Russian novelist and professor Vladimir Nabokov stated in an interview with The New York Times: "I often think there should exist a special typographical sign for a smile - some sort of concave mark, a supine round bracket." It did not become a mainstream concept until the 1990s when Japanese, American and European companies began developing Fahlman's idea. The emoji was predated by the emoticon, a concept implemented in 1982 by computer scientist Scott Fahlman when he suggested text-based symbols such as :-) and :-( could be used to replace language. In 2015, Oxford Dictionaries named the Face with Tears of Joy emoji (□) the word of the year. They are now considered to be a large part of popular culture in the West and around the world. Originating on Japanese mobile phones in 1997, emoji became increasingly popular worldwide in the 2010s after being added to several mobile operating systems. The ISO 15924 script code for emoji is Zsye. Originally meaning pictograph, the word emoji comes from Japanese e ( 絵, 'picture') + moji ( 文字, 'character') the resemblance to the English words emotion and emoticon is purely coincidental. They are much like emoticons, except emoji are pictures rather than typographic approximations the term "emoji" in the strict sense refers to such pictures which can be represented as encoded characters, but it is sometimes applied to messaging stickers by extension. Emoji exist in various genres, including facial expressions, common objects, places and types of weather, and animals. The primary function of emoji is to fill in emotional cues otherwise missing from typed conversation. The "Grinning Face" emoji, from the Twemoji set Emoji being added to a text message, 2013Īn emoji ( / ɪ ˈ m oʊ dʒ iː/ ih- MOH-jee plural emoji or emojis Japanese: 絵文字) is a pictogram, logogram, ideogram, or smiley embedded in text and used in electronic messages and web pages. You may need rendering support to display the Unicode emoticons or emojis in this article correctly.
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